Posts Tagged ‘substance dependence’
Question by me: How come nicotine is not a schedule I substance?
Nicotine meets all the criteria for being a schedule substance:
– The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse.
-The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.
– There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.
Why is it not a schedule I substance or a II-V substance?? Isn’t it the one of the most addictive substances…? Why is THC labeled as a hallucinogen?
4Get the THC stuff, I don’t know why I added it in.
Best answer:
Answer by Apocalypse Cow
Follow the $ – all those tobacco growers and cigarette makers make pretty good contributions to our lawmakers.
Answer by Mathieu
Firstly the American Controlled Substances Act (CSA) does not define “abuse.”
From that alone it can be argued that nicotine does not fit criteria for abuse. Generally speaking to abuse something means to use it in a manner that is inappropriate (ie abusing a wife, husband, child). Thus a person taking prescription morphine would be “abusing” it by taking more than prescribed under that definition. However medically “substance abuse” is a diagnosis below addiction (technically known as “substance dependence” or “dependence syndrome”). The medical definition of abuse would not include taking two tablets of morphine- it only relates to potential problems that may arise from that (ie to have “abuse” there needs to be harm from the drug use).
However what would really support the idea of having nicotine under schedule I is that the DOJ/DEA has said, simply put, that if a substance is generally considered to have no medical use AND it is generally considered to have at least some abuse potential then it should be classified under schedule I.
That would also exclude putting nicotine anywhere except C-I without accepted medical use (FYI there are some limited but important medical uses in neurology/psychiatry).
Then again the CSA is intended to list the abuse risk and potential, not the dangerousness of a drug.
In the end the CSA was designed to meet the obligations under The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and The Convention on Psychotropic Substances. To a large extent it is hardly even American legislation, it is just international law ratified by Congress.
And nicotine (remember the CSA came into effect in 1970) is both in 1970 and 2010 would not be controlled because that is not really accepted. In the US currently about 1/4 of the population smokes (it was around 50% in the 70’s) and in some countries that number can be as high as 60% today. Politically the US is extraordinary divided- imagine the hell it would be for a politician to try to basically make all tobacco produces illegal. Not the mention the lobby groups, the job loss (both directly from production and the job loss from gas station and grocery stores resulting from a loss of income from cigarettes). And then the loss of tax money especially when cites, counties, states, and the federal government are broke. It would cause a loss of services and would be directly felt my everyone. Also it is very hard to get a drug under C-I and still comply with international law (like it or not there does have to be compliance). Rohypnol is, for example, not available for medical use in The US but it is schedule IV to comply with international law (Rohypnol is a benzodiazepine like Valium, which is a legal CIV drug. But Rohypnol is legal in most of the world). Even if The US did want to put nicotine under C-I then there would be issues of international law and many countries would never agree.
I know how stupid it is and how it looks like a good thing to do but that is life. Smoking is part of the culture- I have an occasional cigaret especially if a friend went to visit Iran or The Middle East and brought back some cigarettes (I think in The US getting things from Iran would be illegal). I also have an occasional Cuban cigar.
If you ask most experts they would admit that if alcohol or nicotine would be developed now they would be listed under C-I. Although unlike nicotine, alcohol meets the criteria as a true drug of abuse in every way. Although medically nicotine dependence (ie addiction) is a genuine diagnosis it is controversial and many symptoms and behaviours of addiction can’t be determined with nicotine because it is so readily available.
ACA Brings Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment to Millions
While the ACA now requires insurers selling plans on the online exchanges to offer substance abuse treatment and “mental health parity,” these changes may not translate into effective or immediate help for everyone. But the experts interviewed for this …
Read more on Healthline
Men Twice As Likely To Enter Substance Abuse Treatment, Though Elderly …
Print. Men Twice As Likely To Enter Substance Abuse Facilities. Although twice as many men seek inpatient treatment for substance abuse, elderly women are nearly three times as likely as men their age to abuse prescription painkillers such as oxycodone.
Read more on Medical Daily
Proposed substance abuse treatment center would be a first in West Virginia
CHARLESTON, W.Va. – More West Virginians died as a result of substance abuse in 2013 than auto accidents. That doesn't come as a surprise to Jim Wilkerson. He's the development director of the T Center. Once it's built, it will be the first of its kind …
Read more on West Virginia MetroNews
Question by Michael Brian: What addictions does the APA recognize as actual addiction disorders?
I know technically anything can be an “addiction” but I’m trying to find a list that the APA has put out that lists the actual addictions someone can be diagnosed with.
Best answer:
Answer by Peachy Perfect
Depends on what you count as an addiction. The DSM-IV (current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) doesn’t have a definition for the word “addiction” and doesn’t use it.
As far as what *you* might classify as an “addiction”, you can be diagnosed with either Substance Abuse or Substance Dependence, depending on the severity of the addiction. This involves either the dependence on or abuse of substances, like alcohol, heroin, caffeine –yes, I said caffeine–, cocaine, nicotine, etc.
As far as other “addictions” to non-substances go, the ones found under the “Impulse Control Disorders” category include:
– Pathological Gambling (people addicted to gambling)
– Kleptomania (people addicted to stealing)
– Pyromania (people addicted to setting fires)
– Trichotillomania (people addicted to pulling their hair out — yes, I’m serious)
There are lots of other disorders, including but definitely not limited to pedophilia and hypochondriasis, which you might consider addictions (pedophilia being when you are “addicted” to sexual endeavors with children, hypochondriasis being when you are “addicted” to being sick), but I don’t really count those under the “addictions” category, personally.
However, in the DSM-5, which is set to come out in May 2013, they are going to add a ton more disorders involving addictions under the category “Substance Use and Addictive Disorders”. But mostly the only change that will be made is specifying the type of substance that one is abusing, dependent on, and/or suffering withdrawals from. For example, instead of being diagnosed with plain “Substance Abuse” with alcohol listed as a side note, an alcoholic would be diagnosed with “Alcohol Use Disorder”, “Alcohol Intoxication”, and/or “Alcohol Withdrawal”.
Addiction definition in flux
In September, Yale professor of psychiatry Marc Potenza published a letter in the journal “Addictive Behaviors” on how the definition of “addiction” had broadened in the new edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) …
Read more on Yale Daily News (blog)
You can't treat addiction with willpower and denial
These phenomena have been incorporated into the definition of addiction as a chronic relapsing brain disorder by the American Society of Addiction Medicine and the symptoms include cravings and withdrawal with observable consequences such as loss of …
Read more on The Globe and Mail
Sugar as addictive as Cocaine
If we look at the above definition, then no, sugar is definitely NOT an addiction and using the term is highly erroneous. My view though is that "addiction" is much more complicated to define. Firstly we aren't all tempted by the same vices. I will …
Read more on News24
Question by Michael Brian: What addictions does the APA recognize as actual addiction disorders?
I know technically anything can be an “addiction” but I’m trying to find a list that the APA has put out that lists the actual addictions someone can be diagnosed with.
Best answer:
Answer by Peachy Perfect
Depends on what you count as an addiction. The DSM-IV (current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) doesn’t have a definition for the word “addiction” and doesn’t use it.
As far as what *you* might classify as an “addiction”, you can be diagnosed with either Substance Abuse or Substance Dependence, depending on the severity of the addiction. This involves either the dependence on or abuse of substances, like alcohol, heroin, caffeine –yes, I said caffeine–, cocaine, nicotine, etc.
As far as other “addictions” to non-substances go, the ones found under the “Impulse Control Disorders” category include:
– Pathological Gambling (people addicted to gambling)
– Kleptomania (people addicted to stealing)
– Pyromania (people addicted to setting fires)
– Trichotillomania (people addicted to pulling their hair out — yes, I’m serious)
There are lots of other disorders, including but definitely not limited to pedophilia and hypochondriasis, which you might consider addictions (pedophilia being when you are “addicted” to sexual endeavors with children, hypochondriasis being when you are “addicted” to being sick), but I don’t really count those under the “addictions” category, personally.
However, in the DSM-5, which is set to come out in May 2013, they are going to add a ton more disorders involving addictions under the category “Substance Use and Addictive Disorders”. But mostly the only change that will be made is specifying the type of substance that one is abusing, dependent on, and/or suffering withdrawals from. For example, instead of being diagnosed with plain “Substance Abuse” with alcohol listed as a side note, an alcoholic would be diagnosed with “Alcohol Use Disorder”, “Alcohol Intoxication”, and/or “Alcohol Withdrawal”.
Scientists examine the causes and treatment of addictive behaviour
Such a system allows changes in how genes are expressed in cells without altering our genetic code, and forms a type of genetic memory. Addiction to all four major classes of abused substances – psychostimulants, opiates, alcohol and nicotine – has …
Read more on South China Morning Post
The 6 Types of Sex Addict
I will cover the six types of sex addicts briefly. I go into greater detail on the CD's The 6 Types of Sex Addicts and the follow up CD, Treatment for the 6 Types of Sex Addicts. This subject and application is also available on several hours of DVDs …
Read more on Kawartha Media Group (blog)
Question by Michael Brian: What addictions does the APA recognize as actual addiction disorders?
I know technically anything can be an “addiction” but I’m trying to find a list that the APA has put out that lists the actual addictions someone can be diagnosed with.
Best answer:
Answer by Peachy Perfect
Depends on what you count as an addiction. The DSM-IV (current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) doesn’t have a definition for the word “addiction” and doesn’t use it.
As far as what *you* might classify as an “addiction”, you can be diagnosed with either Substance Abuse or Substance Dependence, depending on the severity of the addiction. This involves either the dependence on or abuse of substances, like alcohol, heroin, caffeine –yes, I said caffeine–, cocaine, nicotine, etc.
As far as other “addictions” to non-substances go, the ones found under the “Impulse Control Disorders” category include:
– Pathological Gambling (people addicted to gambling)
– Kleptomania (people addicted to stealing)
– Pyromania (people addicted to setting fires)
– Trichotillomania (people addicted to pulling their hair out — yes, I’m serious)
There are lots of other disorders, including but definitely not limited to pedophilia and hypochondriasis, which you might consider addictions (pedophilia being when you are “addicted” to sexual endeavors with children, hypochondriasis being when you are “addicted” to being sick), but I don’t really count those under the “addictions” category, personally.
However, in the DSM-5, which is set to come out in May 2013, they are going to add a ton more disorders involving addictions under the category “Substance Use and Addictive Disorders”. But mostly the only change that will be made is specifying the type of substance that one is abusing, dependent on, and/or suffering withdrawals from. For example, instead of being diagnosed with plain “Substance Abuse” with alcohol listed as a side note, an alcoholic would be diagnosed with “Alcohol Use Disorder”, “Alcohol Intoxication”, and/or “Alcohol Withdrawal”.
Give your answer to this question below!
Question by Michael Brian: What addictions does the APA recognize as actual addiction disorders?
I know technically anything can be an “addiction” but I’m trying to find a list that the APA has put out that lists the actual addictions someone can be diagnosed with.
Best answer:
Answer by Peachy Perfect
Depends on what you count as an addiction. The DSM-IV (current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) doesn’t have a definition for the word “addiction” and doesn’t use it.
As far as what *you* might classify as an “addiction”, you can be diagnosed with either Substance Abuse or Substance Dependence, depending on the severity of the addiction. This involves either the dependence on or abuse of substances, like alcohol, heroin, caffeine –yes, I said caffeine–, cocaine, nicotine, etc.
As far as other “addictions” to non-substances go, the ones found under the “Impulse Control Disorders” category include:
– Pathological Gambling (people addicted to gambling)
– Kleptomania (people addicted to stealing)
– Pyromania (people addicted to setting fires)
– Trichotillomania (people addicted to pulling their hair out — yes, I’m serious)
There are lots of other disorders, including but definitely not limited to pedophilia and hypochondriasis, which you might consider addictions (pedophilia being when you are “addicted” to sexual endeavors with children, hypochondriasis being when you are “addicted” to being sick), but I don’t really count those under the “addictions” category, personally.
However, in the DSM-5, which is set to come out in May 2013, they are going to add a ton more disorders involving addictions under the category “Substance Use and Addictive Disorders”. But mostly the only change that will be made is specifying the type of substance that one is abusing, dependent on, and/or suffering withdrawals from. For example, instead of being diagnosed with plain “Substance Abuse” with alcohol listed as a side note, an alcoholic would be diagnosed with “Alcohol Use Disorder”, “Alcohol Intoxication”, and/or “Alcohol Withdrawal”.
What do you think? Answer below!
Question by Michael Brian: What addictions does the APA recognize as actual addiction disorders?
I know technically anything can be an “addiction” but I’m trying to find a list that the APA has put out that lists the actual addictions someone can be diagnosed with.
Best answer:
Answer by Peachy Perfect
Depends on what you count as an addiction. The DSM-IV (current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) doesn’t have a definition for the word “addiction” and doesn’t use it.
As far as what *you* might classify as an “addiction”, you can be diagnosed with either Substance Abuse or Substance Dependence, depending on the severity of the addiction. This involves either the dependence on or abuse of substances, like alcohol, heroin, caffeine –yes, I said caffeine–, cocaine, nicotine, etc.
As far as other “addictions” to non-substances go, the ones found under the “Impulse Control Disorders” category include:
– Pathological Gambling (people addicted to gambling)
– Kleptomania (people addicted to stealing)
– Pyromania (people addicted to setting fires)
– Trichotillomania (people addicted to pulling their hair out — yes, I’m serious)
There are lots of other disorders, including but definitely not limited to pedophilia and hypochondriasis, which you might consider addictions (pedophilia being when you are “addicted” to sexual endeavors with children, hypochondriasis being when you are “addicted” to being sick), but I don’t really count those under the “addictions” category, personally.
However, in the DSM-5, which is set to come out in May 2013, they are going to add a ton more disorders involving addictions under the category “Substance Use and Addictive Disorders”. But mostly the only change that will be made is specifying the type of substance that one is abusing, dependent on, and/or suffering withdrawals from. For example, instead of being diagnosed with plain “Substance Abuse” with alcohol listed as a side note, an alcoholic would be diagnosed with “Alcohol Use Disorder”, “Alcohol Intoxication”, and/or “Alcohol Withdrawal”.
Give your answer to this question below!